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BACKGROUND: In the clinic, 25%-35% heel pain is mostly caused by plantar fasciitis. Previous studies mainly focused on plantar fasciitis with heel pain caused by flat foot and the growth of calcaneus bone spur. There are no reports on other reasons for plantar fasciitis in large-sample studies. OBJECTIVE: Using the real-time shear wave elastography, CT scan and X-ray, the anatomic site and thickness of normal two-dimensional ultrasound standard flat plantar aponeurosis were identified to analyze the relationship between plantar elastic characteristics and plantar arch angle from non-weight-bearing to weight-bearing position so as to explore the correlation of plantar fasciitis with plantar elastics and plantar arch angle. METHODS: Fifty healthy volunteers (feet) were selected as the healthy control group. 100 cases of plantar fasciitis (one foot) were selected as the case group. Plantar arch angle from non-weight-bearing to weight-bearing position was obtained using X-ray and CT scan to identify anatomic site of plantar aponeurosis in both groups. Two-dimensional ultrasound and real-time shear wave elastography were utilized to obtain thickness and elastic modulus of plantar aponeurosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) From non-weight-bearing to weight-bearing, arch angle change value was (16.4±4.5)° in the healthy control group and (10.5±3.5)° in the case group. Significant differences in arch angle change were detected between the two groups (P <0.01). (2) Thickness of plantar fascia was obviously smaller in the healthy control group (2.4±0.3) mm than in the case group (3.5±0.9) mm. Elastic modulus of plantar fascia was obviously larger in the healthy control group (30.1±1.3) kPa than in the case group (9.1±1.2) kPa. Thickness of plantar fascia and elastic modulus of plantar fascia were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.01). (3) In summary, real-time shear wave elastography combined with CT and X-ray images can investigate the morphological and elastic characteristics of the plantar aponeurosis from many aspects. Arch angle change is strongly associated with elastic modulus of plantar fascia. The decreased elastic modulus of plantar fascia is possibly one of the reasons for arch angle change from non-weight-bearing to weight-bearing conditions, and is probably one of reasons for plantar fasciitis with heel pain.
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Objective To design an Android-based hand-hold intelligent terminal to meet the requirements for the portability of hyperbaric oxygen therapy information management system. Methods MT6582 processor was used as the primary control unit, which integrated the modules for display, communication, input and output. RAD Studio XE7 was applied to program development, and the main interface had the functions of charging and appointment. Results The hand-hold intelligent terminal gained advantages in stable connection with the server and rapid response, and enhanced the efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen therapy information management system greatly. Conclusion The terminal increases the portability of hyperbaric oxygen therapy information management system, and thus is worthy promoting practically.
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In recent years,molecular biology has rapidly devel-oped,and molecular targeted therapy of non-small cell lung cancer has become a hot spot for the research. Although the tar-geted therapy has a big advantage compared with traditional chemotherapy,it is inevitable to encounter drug resistance in targeted therapy. Therefore,drug resistance has become the sig-nificant obstacle of targeted drugs for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Curcumin is the main extract of tu-meric rhizome,which harbours a wide range of antitumor activi-ties,and several studies have identified that curcumin exhibits reversion drug resistance against a variety of cancer cells. How-ever,there are few studies on curcumin reversion molecular tar-geted drug resistance. This review summarizes the recent pro-gress in resistance mechanism of targeted drug and the reversion resistance of curcumin.
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Objective To design and develop an information management system based on network database for hyperbaric oxygen therapy to solve the problems in repeated operation,excessive data,copying and etc.Methods Network database was used to establish the information storage unit,design software and hardware architecture as well as develop information treatment units for medical terminal,self service,hand-hold intelligent terminal,appointment App program and etc.Results The system realized rapid printing and recognition of patient information,quick response of server,high accuracy of charging module,and high efficiency of self service terminal and appointment registration.Conchusion The system optimizes hyperbaric oxygen therapy flow,enhances working efficiency of medical staffs and gains high patient satisfaction,and thus is worthy promoting clinically.
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Objective To design a self-service terminal for hyperbaric oxygen therapy in order to improve the orderliness and efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.Methods The hardware included mainframe and cabinet,and the software used human-computer interface.Network database was connected with ADO technology,and Delphi 7.0,Pascal compiling code were applied to code compilation.Results The self-service terminal involved the patient into the information chain of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to enhance the working efficiency and therapy orderliness.Conclusion The terminal behaves well in hardware,software,network database and human-computer interaction,and thus is worthy promoting to medium and large hyperbaric oxygen chambers.
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Objective To design and develop an information management system based on network database for hyperbaric oxygen therapy to solve the problems in repeated operation,excessive data,copying and etc.Methods Network database was used to establish the information storage unit,design software and hardware architecture as well as develop information treatment units for medical terminal,self service,hand-hold intelligent terminal,appointment App program and etc.Results The system realized rapid printing and recognition of patient information,quick response of server,high accuracy of charging module,and high efficiency of self service terminal and appointment registration.Conchusion The system optimizes hyperbaric oxygen therapy flow,enhances working efficiency of medical staffs and gains high patient satisfaction,and thus is worthy promoting clinically.
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Objective To design a self-service terminal for hyperbaric oxygen therapy in order to improve the orderliness and efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.Methods The hardware included mainframe and cabinet,and the software used human-computer interface.Network database was connected with ADO technology,and Delphi 7.0,Pascal compiling code were applied to code compilation.Results The self-service terminal involved the patient into the information chain of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to enhance the working efficiency and therapy orderliness.Conclusion The terminal behaves well in hardware,software,network database and human-computer interaction,and thus is worthy promoting to medium and large hyperbaric oxygen chambers.
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RESULTS: All EEs of the three VLIs were over 93%. The mean diameters, Zeta potentials and entrapment efficiencies of the three VLIs were similar. Meanwhile the three VLIs were stable in the long-term stability test. The cryo-TEM showed that almost all vesicles had spherical structure and uniform nanosize. Furthermore, some colloid substances and acicular crystal were found inside VLI-2 and VLI-3, respectively. The release rate of VLI-3 was slower, which indicated that the drug crystal probably influence the in vitro drug release. The pharmacodynamic test showed that the antitumor effect of VLI-3 was better than VLI-2 and VLI-1, while those of the latter two were superior to VI.
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Vinflunine tartrate-loaded liposomes (VT-L) with two drug-to-lipid ratios were prepared by pH gradient method. Vesicle size and zeta potential were determined by the Zetasizer Nano ZS. Entrapment efficiency was evaluated by cation exchange resin centrifugalization method. The toxicity and tumor inhibition to nude mouse administrated by VT-L with different drug-to-lipid ratios were investigated and compared with the vinflunine tartrate injection (VT-I). The results showed that the mean particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of the VT-L with drug-to-lipid ratios of 1 : 5 and 1 : 10 were 124.6 nm and 128.3 nm, -25.3 mV and -22.8 mV, 94.46% and 97.31%, respectively. The VT-L with two different drug-to-lipid ratios has significantly higher anti-tumor effect to nude mouse transplanted human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 and lower toxicity than VT-I. While there were no significant differences in anti-tumor effect and toxicity between VT-L with two different drug-to-lipid ratios.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Toxicity , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Carriers , Drug Compounding , Drug Delivery Systems , Drug Stability , Liposomes , Lung Neoplasms , Pathology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Transplantation , Particle Size , Random Allocation , Tartrates , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Toxicity , Tumor Burden , Vinblastine , Chemistry , Pharmacology , ToxicityABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To study the relationship between promoter methylation and mRNA expressions of EMP3 and PCDH-gamma-A11 genes in human glioma, and to analyze the regulation mechanism of promoter methylation in the progression of glioma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The promoter methylation of EMP3 and PCDH-gamma-A11 was studied by a methylation specific PCR in 88 primary astrocytoma, 10 normal brain tissues and 2 glioma cell lines. The mRNA expressions were detected by real-time PCR in 30 primary glioma and 10 normal brain tissues. The correlations of their promoter methylation, mRNA expressions and clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed. The promoter methylation were also detected in U251 and SHG-44 cell lines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The promoter methylation of EMP3 was detected in 42 tumors (47.7%) and the methylation of PCDH-gamma-A11 was detected in 76 tumors (86.4%). Their mRNA expressions were all significantly decreased in different pathological grade astrocytomas compared to the normal brain tissues (P < 0.01). Their expressions were suppressed but could be reactivated by 5-aza-deoxycytidine in U251 and SHG-44 cell lines.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The promoter methylation of EMP3 and PCDH-gamma-A11 genes may lead to the down-regulation of their mRNA levels in glioma. The promoter methylation and mRNA expressions of EMP3 and PCDH-gamma-A11 are closely related with the malignant development of glioma. The promoter methylation of the two genes may provide clues to evaluation of glioma malignancy as well as its prognosis. It also gives us an insight for future glioma medical therapy with a demethylating agent.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Neoplasms , Genetics , Cadherins , Genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA Methylation , Glioma , Genetics , Membrane Glycoproteins , Genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Genetics , RNA, Messenger , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the expression of midkine (MK) gene in acute leukemia patients, and explore the relationship between the gene and leukemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The MK gene expression levels were detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RQ-RT-PCR) in bone marrow (BM) of 181 acute leukemia (AL) patients and 31 normal controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MK gene was expressed in all AL patients, normal controls and AL patients in complete remission (CR). Compared with that in control group and CR group, MK gene expression was significantly increased in AL patients (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). No statistical difference was found between CR group and control group. The expression of MK showed a notable increase in all B-ALL subtypes (including pro-B-ALL, common-B-ALL and pre-B-ALL) as well as in adult and childhood B-ALL patients (P < 0.01). Moreover, the gene expression in B-ALL was also significantly higher than that in TALL, HAL and FAB subtypes of AML (P < 0.01). In addition, M2 patients showed significantly increased in MK expression compared with that in normal controls (P < 0.01) and in other FAB subtypes of AML (P < 0.05). Median MK expression level in M3 patients was also significantly higher than that in normal controls (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference between M3 and other AL subtypes excepting for M2 and B-ALL. MK expression in CD34 positive patients was significantly higher than that in CD34 negative ones (P < 0.01) and within M2 patients, MK expression was higher in patients with t (8 ;21) than in those without the translocation (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MK gene expression is increased with different levels in B-ALL, M2 and M3 patients, which provides novel insights into the leukemogenesis of acute leukemia.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acute Disease , Case-Control Studies , Cytokines , Genetics , Metabolism , Gene Expression , Leukemia , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate pig7 expression level in acute leukemia (AL) and its clinical significance and explore the possible mechanisms for pig7 silence in terms of methylation control.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expression levels of pig7 mRNA in bone marrow samples from 138 patients with de novo AL and 21 normal controls and in 6 leukemic cell lines were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Differentiation induction effect by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and concomitant change in pig7 expression were also monitored in NB4 cells. Endonuclease analysis was employed to determined the identity of pig7 transcript present in AL samples. Methylation specific PCR (MSP) was used to elucidate if hypermethylation was responsible for pig7 silence in AL.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with that in normal control, pig7 expression was markedly decreased (0.62 vs 18.30, median, P < 0.01) in AL patients on progression (at diagnosis, relapse or refractory). No significant difference was observed between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). AL at diagnosis had a higher pig7 level than those with relapsed or refractory disease (1.43 vs 0.16, median, P < 0.05). The complete remission (CR) rate after chemotherapy was found to be significantly correlated with pig7 expression levels (P < 0.05). Differentiated NB4 cells showed an increased level of pig7 expression (from 1.61 +/- 0.72 to 44.75 +/- 3.93, P < 0.01). Only one form of pig7 transcripts i.e., Small integral membrane protein of late endosome (SIMPLE), was detected in AL patients. Hypermethylation of pig7 promoter was identified in K562 and HL-60 cells, in contrast to non-methylation predominant in U937 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Aberrant down-regulation of pig7 provides novel insights into leukemogenesis and therapy response prediction in AL.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Acute Disease , Cell Differentiation , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA Methylation , Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic , Leukemia , Genetics , Nuclear Proteins , Genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Transcription Factors , Genetics , Tretinoin , PharmacologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To test the hypothesis that delayed X-irradiation can enhance the functional and structural recovery of the injured spinal cord in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, 35 rats in each. The control group sustained a one-minute clip compression (force of clip was 30 g) injury of the spinal cord at the T2 level, without X-irradiation. The experimental group received X-irradiation 14 days after injury. Neurological function was assessed by the modified Tarlov method, including hind limbs movement, inclined plane, and pain withdrawal. These tests were performed in a blinded fashion at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after injury. At 43 days after injury, histological examination of the injured spinal cord was performed following decapitation of the rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty-two rats met the experimental requirements (spinal cord injury was similar), 32 rats in experimental group and 30 rats in control group. Statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in hind limbs movement and inclined plane (P < 0.01), but not in the pain withdrawal test. The edema and necrosis areas of injured spinal cords in experimental group were less than those in control group, and axons in experimental group were significantly more than those in control group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Delayed X-irradiation following spinal cord injury may enhance functional recovery by improving and restoring structural integrity of the injured spinal cord in rats.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Axons , Physiology , Radiation Effects , Hindlimb , Joints , Physiology , Motor Activity , Movement , Radiotherapy , Methods , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spinal Cord , Radiation Effects , Spinal Cord Injuries , Radiotherapy , Rehabilitation , Weight-Bearing , X-RaysABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression and switching of Th1/Th2 cytokines gene in human gliomas and its effects on occurring and developing of human gliomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma represent Th1 type cytokines. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 represent Th2 type cytokines. The gene expressions of Thl/Th2 cytokines in human glioma cells, glioma infiltrating lymphocytes, and glioma cell lines were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The biological activity of cytokines in the supernatant of glioma cell lines was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total positive rates of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines gene in human glioma cells were 14.77% and 75%. The total positive rates of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines gene in glioma infiltrating lymphocytes were 22.73% and 68.17%. There was obviously predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in human glioma tissues, glioma infiltrating lymphocytes, and glioma cell lines. There was no unbalanced expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in normal brain tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in human glioma cells. The switching of Thl/Th2 cytokines gene may play an important role in the occurring and developing of human gliomas.</p>